發(fā)電機(jī)組是將其他形式的能源轉(zhuǎn)換成電能的成套機(jī)械設(shè)備，由動力系統(tǒng)、控制系統(tǒng)、消音系統(tǒng)、減震系統(tǒng)、排氣系統(tǒng)組成，由水輪機(jī)、汽輪機(jī)、柴油機(jī)或其他動力機(jī)械驅(qū)驅(qū)動，將水流、氣流、燃料燃燒或原子核裂變產(chǎn)生的能量轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)械能傳給發(fā)電機(jī)，再由發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)換為電能，輸出到用電設(shè)備上使用。發(fā)電機(jī)在工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、國防、科技及日常生活中有廣泛的用途。近年來隨著技術(shù)進(jìn)步，作為家庭應(yīng)急電源及野外出行電源的優(yōu)質(zhì)選擇，輕量便攜小型發(fā)電機(jī)組也開始進(jìn)入居民的日常生活中。

但對于發(fā)電機(jī)組來說，在使用過程中產(chǎn)生故障時很正常的，只要保持日常的維護(hù)就可以保持機(jī)器的長久使用，但是對于一些重大的故障究竟應(yīng)該如何去避免呢，本文今天就圍繞這些話題為大家詳細(xì)的介紹一下：

粘缸的前兆

粘缸一般在柴油機(jī)嚴(yán)重缺水的情況下發(fā)生，粘缸前發(fā)動機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)無力，水溫表指示超過100℃，往機(jī)體上滴幾滴冷水，有“嘶嘶”的響聲，并冒白煙，水滴很快蒸發(fā)。這時應(yīng)讓發(fā)動機(jī)低速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)或怠速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)來降低車溫，若立即熄火，會導(dǎo)致活塞與氣缸套發(fā)生粘缸。

燒瓦的前兆

柴油機(jī)工作中轉(zhuǎn)速突然降低，負(fù)荷加重，發(fā)動機(jī)冒黑煙，機(jī)油壓力下降，曲軸箱內(nèi)發(fā)出“唧唧”的干磨擦聲，這是燒瓦的前兆。遇到這種情況應(yīng)立即停機(jī)，否則會進(jìn)一步加重軸瓦的磨損，軸頸表面抓粘迅速擴(kuò)展，軸瓦與軸頸很快就會粘結(jié)抱死，發(fā)動機(jī)熄火。

氣門落缸的前兆

 氣門落入氣缸，一般是由于氣門桿折斷、氣門彈簧折斷、氣門彈簧座開裂，氣門鎖夾脫落等原因引起的。當(dāng)缸蓋部位發(fā)出“當(dāng)當(dāng)”敲擊聲(活塞碰氣門)，“嚓嚓”磨擦聲(活塞碰氣門)或伴有其它不正常響聲，發(fā)動機(jī)工作不穩(wěn)時，往往是氣門落缸的前兆，這時應(yīng)立即停車熄火，否則將會打壞活塞、缸蓋和缸套，甚至頂彎連桿，打破機(jī)體，折斷曲軸。

搗缸的前兆

 搗缸屬破壞性較大的機(jī)械故障，除氣門落缸引起搗缸外，大多是由于連桿螺栓松退引起的。連桿螺栓松退或拉伸后，連桿軸承配合間隙增大，這時在曲軸箱部位可聽到“嗒嗒”的敲擊聲，敲擊聲由小變大，最后連桿螺栓完全脫落或折斷，連桿及軸承蓋甩出，打破機(jī)體及有關(guān)零件。

斷軸的前兆

 當(dāng)柴油機(jī)曲軸軸頸軸肩處因疲勞產(chǎn)生隱性裂紋時，故障征兆尚不明顯，隨著裂紋的擴(kuò)大加重，發(fā)動機(jī)曲軸箱內(nèi)發(fā)出沉悶的敲擊聲，轉(zhuǎn)速變化時敲擊聲加重，發(fā)動機(jī)冒黑煙，不久，敲擊聲逐漸增大，發(fā)動機(jī)產(chǎn)生抖動，曲軸斷裂，隨即烯火。因此，當(dāng)發(fā)動機(jī)曲軸箱內(nèi)出現(xiàn)異常聲響時，應(yīng)立即停機(jī)檢查。

“飛車”的前兆

 “飛車”前，柴油機(jī)一般都會出現(xiàn)冒藍(lán)煙、燒機(jī)油或轉(zhuǎn)速不穩(wěn)現(xiàn)象。開始時柴油機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速不受油門的控制，迅速上升，直到超過額定轉(zhuǎn)速，發(fā)動機(jī)冒出大量黑煙或藍(lán)煙。此時若不迅速采取斷油、斷氣、減壓等措施制止，發(fā)動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速還會繼續(xù)升高，并發(fā)出狂吼聲，排氣管濃煙彌漫，轉(zhuǎn)速失去控制，就會造成搗缸等重大事故的發(fā)生。

A generator set is a complete set of mechanical equipment that converts other forms of energy into electrical energy. It consists of a power system, a control system, a noise reduction system, a shock absorption system, and an exhaust system. It is driven by water turbines, steam turbines, diesel engines, or other power machinery to convert the energy generated by water flow, air flow, fuel combustion, or nuclear fission into mechanical energy and transmit it to the generator. The generator then converts it into electrical energy and outputs it to electrical equipment for use. Generators have a wide range of applications in industrial and agricultural production, national defense, technology, and daily life. In recent years, with the advancement of technology, lightweight and portable small generator sets have also begun to enter residents' daily lives as high-quality choices for household emergency power and outdoor travel power.

But for generator sets, it is normal to experience malfunctions during use. As long as daily maintenance is maintained, the machine can be used for a long time. However, how to avoid some major malfunctions? Today, this article will introduce in detail about these topics:

The precursor of sticking cylinder

Cylinder sticking usually occurs in diesel engines with severe water shortage. Before sticking, the engine runs weakly and the water temperature gauge indicates over 100 ℃. A few drops of cold water are dripped onto the engine body, making a "hissing" sound and emitting white smoke. The water droplets quickly evaporate. At this time, the engine should be run at low speed or idle to reduce the vehicle temperature. If it is turned off immediately, it will cause the piston and cylinder liner to stick to the cylinder.

The precursor of tile burning

During the operation of a diesel engine, the speed suddenly decreases, the load increases, the engine emits black smoke, the oil pressure drops, and a dry friction sound of "chirping" is emitted from the crankcase, which is a precursor to tile burning. In this situation, the machine should be stopped immediately, otherwise it will further aggravate the wear of the bearing shell, and the surface of the journal will quickly expand due to adhesion. The bearing shell and journal will quickly bond and lock, and the engine will shut down.

The precursor of valve falling off the cylinder

The valve falling into the cylinder is generally caused by reasons such as valve stem breakage, valve spring breakage, valve spring seat cracking, and valve lock clip detachment. When the cylinder head makes a "dang dang" knocking sound (piston touching valve), a "cha cha" friction sound (piston touching valve), or other abnormal sounds accompanied by unstable engine operation, it is often a precursor to the valve falling off the cylinder. At this time, the engine should be stopped and turned off immediately, otherwise it will damage the piston, cylinder head, cylinder liner, and even bend the connecting rod, break the engine body, and break the crankshaft.

The precursor of pounding the cylinder

Tamping the cylinder is a highly destructive mechanical failure, which is mostly caused by the loosening of connecting rod bolts, in addition to valve falling causing cylinder tampering. After the connecting rod bolts loosen or stretch, the clearance between the connecting rod bearings increases. At this time, a "clacking" sound can be heard at the crankcase, which increases from small to large. Finally, the connecting rod bolts completely fall off or break, and the connecting rod and bearing cover are thrown out, breaking the machine body and related parts.

The precursor of a broken axis

When hidden cracks appear at the crankshaft neck shoulder of a diesel engine due to fatigue, the symptoms of the fault are not yet obvious. As the cracks expand and worsen, a dull knocking sound is emitted from the engine crankcase. When the speed changes, the knocking sound intensifies, and the engine emits black smoke. Soon, the knocking sound gradually increases, causing the engine to shake and the crankshaft to break, followed by ignition. Therefore, when there is abnormal noise in the engine crankcase, the machine should be stopped immediately for inspection.

The premonition of 'flying car'

Before the "flying car", diesel engines usually emit blue smoke, burn engine oil, or have unstable engine speed. At the beginning, the speed of the diesel engine is not controlled by the throttle and rapidly increases until it exceeds the rated speed, causing the engine to emit a large amount of black or blue smoke. If measures such as cutting off oil, gas, and pressure are not taken quickly at this time to stop it, the engine speed will continue to rise and make a roar, the exhaust pipe will be filled with thick smoke, and the speed will be out of control, which will cause major accidents such as cylinder ramming