電能是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)最主要的能源之一。發(fā)電機(jī)組是將其他形式的能源轉(zhuǎn)換成電能的機(jī)械設(shè)備，它由水輪機(jī)、汽輪機(jī)、柴油機(jī)或其他動(dòng)力機(jī)械驅(qū)動(dòng)，將水流，氣流，燃料燃燒或原子核裂變產(chǎn)生的能量轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)械能傳給發(fā)電機(jī)，再由發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)換為電能。發(fā)電機(jī)在工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，國(guó)防，科技及日常生活中有廣泛的用途。

       一般我們常見(jiàn)的發(fā)電機(jī)組通常由以下幾個(gè)：汽輪機(jī)、水輪機(jī)或內(nèi)燃機(jī)（汽油機(jī)，柴油機(jī)等發(fā)電機(jī)）驅(qū)動(dòng)、風(fēng)能、太陽(yáng)能、生物質(zhì)能、海洋能等。柴油發(fā)電機(jī)的市場(chǎng)最大，主要是由于柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組的容量較大，可并機(jī)運(yùn)行且持繼供電時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，還可獨(dú)立運(yùn)行，不與地區(qū)電網(wǎng)并列運(yùn)行，不受電網(wǎng)故障的影響，可靠性較高。尤其對(duì)某些地區(qū)常用市電不是很可靠的情況下，把柴油發(fā)電機(jī)作為備用電源，既能起到應(yīng)急電源的作用，又能通過(guò)低壓系統(tǒng)的合理優(yōu)化，將一些平時(shí)比較重要的負(fù)荷 在停電時(shí)使用。因此在工程中得到廣泛的使用。

發(fā)電機(jī)的形式很多，但其工作原理都基于電磁感應(yīng)定律和電磁力定律。因此，其構(gòu)造的一般原則是：用適當(dāng)?shù)膶?dǎo)磁和導(dǎo)電材料構(gòu)成互相進(jìn)行電磁感應(yīng)的磁路和電路，以產(chǎn)生電磁功率，達(dá)到能量轉(zhuǎn)換的目的。

發(fā)電機(jī)的分類(lèi)：

發(fā)電機(jī) 直流發(fā)電機(jī)、交流發(fā)電機(jī)、 同步發(fā)電機(jī)、異步發(fā)電機(jī)(很少采用)；交流發(fā)電機(jī)還可分為單相發(fā)電機(jī)與三相發(fā)電機(jī)。

發(fā)電機(jī)通常由定子、轉(zhuǎn)子、端蓋及軸承等部件構(gòu)成。定子由定子鐵芯、線包繞組、機(jī)座以及固定這些部分的其他結(jié)構(gòu)件組成。定子的功用是產(chǎn)生交流電。轉(zhuǎn)子由轉(zhuǎn)子鐵芯(或磁極、磁扼)繞組、護(hù)環(huán)、中心環(huán)、滑環(huán)、風(fēng)扇及轉(zhuǎn)軸等部件組成。轉(zhuǎn)子的功用是產(chǎn)生磁場(chǎng)。安裝在定子里邊。

原理由軸承及端蓋將發(fā)電機(jī)的定子，轉(zhuǎn)子連接組裝起來(lái)，使轉(zhuǎn)子能在定子中旋轉(zhuǎn)，做切割磁力線的運(yùn)動(dòng)，從而產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電勢(shì)，通過(guò)接線端子引出，接在回路中，便產(chǎn)生了電流。

Electricity is one of the most important energy sources in modern society. A generator set is a mechanical device that converts other forms of energy into electrical energy. It is driven by water turbines, steam turbines, diesel engines, or other power machinery to convert the energy generated by water flow, air flow, fuel combustion, or nuclear fission into mechanical energy and transmit it to a generator, which then converts it into electrical energy. Generators have a wide range of applications in industrial and agricultural production, national defense, technology, and daily life.

The commonly used generator sets are usually driven by the following: steam turbine, water turbine, or internal combustion engine (gasoline engine, diesel engine, etc.), wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, ocean energy, etc. The market for diesel generators is the largest, mainly due to the large capacity of diesel generator sets, which can operate in parallel and maintain power supply for a long time. They can also operate independently and are not parallel to the regional power grid. They are not affected by power grid failures and have high reliability. Especially for some areas where the commonly used mains power is not very reliable, using diesel generators as backup power sources can not only serve as emergency power sources, but also optimize the low-voltage system to use some important loads during power outages. Therefore, it has been widely used in engineering.

There are many forms of generators, but their working principles are based on the laws of electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic force. Therefore, the general principle of its construction is to use appropriate magnetic and conductive materials to form magnetic circuits and circuits that induce each other electromagnetically, in order to generate electromagnetic power and achieve energy conversion.

Classification of generators:

Generator DC generator, AC generator, synchronous generator, asynchronous generator (rarely used); AC generators can also be divided into single-phase generators and three-phase generators.

A generator is usually composed of components such as stator, rotor, end cover, and bearings. The stator is composed of the stator core, wire winding, machine base, and other structural components that fix these parts. The function of the stator is to generate alternating current. The rotor is composed of components such as the rotor core (or magnetic pole, magnetic choke) winding, guard ring, center ring, slip ring, fan, and shaft. The function of a rotor is to generate a magnetic field. Installed inside the stator.

The principle is to connect and assemble the stator and rotor of the generator through bearings and end caps, so that the rotor can rotate in the stator and perform the motion of cutting magnetic field lines, thereby generating induced potential. It is led out through the terminal block and connected to the circuit, generating current.